BRINGING SCIENCE TO TREATMENT
Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, most athletes find themselves trapped within their home surroundings with limited resources for exercise. With events canceled globally and training programs halted, Trevor Langford begins a series on how sports professionals can ensure athletes remain focused, conditioned, and ready to return to training once give the ‘all clear.’
2015 Kell Brook during his workout Credit: Action Images / Andrew Couldridge Livepic
This article is the first of a three-part series on guiding athletes and physiotherapists through this turbulent time. This article provides two standard exercise programs challenging the major components of human movement that an athlete can work on within their home, utilizing the most basic equipment.
An athlete’s sporting career largely defines them as a person, and absence from sport impacts their physical condition, mental wellbeing, and even financial circumstances. Some athletes, such as road cyclists and runners, may still follow a strict training protocol using tools like an indoor turbo trainer or a treadmill. But certain athletes, such as swimmers, are greatly hindered based on the restrictions to facilities since pools and gyms aren’t currently accessible. Despite these challenges, exercise remains an effective modality for maintaining health, preventing injury, and helping people manage symptoms of poor mental health. Therefore an exercise program has never been more in need (1). Clinicians and athletes both bear the responsibility of adapting to the current circumstances and to ensuring all stay as fit and conditioned as possible.
All sports require an element of strength, power, agility, stability, mental toughness, and skill. To optimize an athlete’s health and to prevent injury, it is essential to facilitate muscle power, strength, and endurance through an appropriate conditioning program (2). In addition, a training plan must maintain the activation of specific stability muscles to ensure that athletes who play multidirectional sports can effectively change direction at speed and reduce the risk of injury. One exercise program cannot meet the physical demands of every sport. Yet, a standard training schedule that is achievable within the constraints of a home environment, fun, and challenging is important. Regular participation in these activities provides some element of exhilaration and endorphin release to athletes used to daily doses of exertion.
A conditioning regimen needs a variety of exercises to challenge strength, power, agility, speed, and mental toughness. These exercises must adapt to the needs of the individual, factoring in previous injuries or areas of weakness and instability. An exercise prescription should be flexible enough to progress to build fitness and regress to modify load.
Knowing most physios have moved to online consultation and treatment, we’ve provided the following programs for you as a starting point for your therapeutic exercises. The two sessions function as complements to each other, providing both strength and circuit sessions. The activities here are for sports-persons who are well-conditioned and familiar with an exercise routine. For best results, alternate sessions to maintain variety and maximize training benefits.
The exercises presented here utilize equipment that athletes likely have on hand. The program outlined below needs only two buckets, four toilet rolls, and a small space of four meters squared. Fill the buckets with thick textbooks, small rocks, sand, mud, or even water to simulate barbells. Adjust the weight according to the exercise. Water as a weight source enables athletes to calculate and track the exact weight as one liter of water weighs one kilogram. Also, the need for control through the exercise to prevent spillage engages core muscles and promotes more neuromuscular control during the activity. Furthermore, using water provides equal weight in both buckets – no matter their size – in the deadlift and the bent-over row exercises that need symmetry.
For the strength-based exercises, aim for a repetition range of 10-15 reps based on the weights used or a duration of 45-60 seconds of exercise per set. Build to three to five sets of each exercise. Doing so makes this program easily achievable within 45 minutes. Exercise instructions given with adaptations to challenge athletes or make the exercise easier.
A) Press ups with superman – perform with the shoulders in line with the hands. Engage the core muscles to provide stability to the trunk and lumbar spine.
B) Seated trunk rotation – perform with a neutral spine and feet uncrossed.
C) Plank reach across – In the plank position, alternate hands and feet reaching across the body to target.
D) Front Squats – Hold weight close to body and ensure back is aligned in neutral and the heels are flat on the floor throughout.
E) Reverse lunge with shoulder press – perform reps on the same side instead of alternating legs as this increases load on the involved side. Drive through the front leg by placing the heel into the floor.
F) Shoulder walk overs – In the plank position, keep shoulders over hands throughout to maintain stability throughout the trunk. Aim to achieve full shoulder elevation with an outstretched arm that hurtles the toilet rolls.
G) Bent over row – perform with a neutral spine.
H) Single leg pike walk up – perform with both palms firmly on the floor throughout. Keep the non working leg high in the air as to keep a straight line with the body. Walk hands back toward the bucket to a pike position, then return to starting plank.
I) Deadlift – perform with a neutral spine throughout so as to bend from the hips and not the lumbar spine.
J) One-legged Romanian deadlift – perform holding the weight in the hand opposite to the standing leg. Keep a straight line from head to foot.
In the speed, agility, and power-based circuit session, each activity should last 30-60 seconds over eight exercises. This means sets of four to eight minutes of work to complete the whole circuit. Aim for 45 minutes total work in this session. Exercises in both sets (Box 1C and Box 2 G) can employ a partner whereby they call the direction to aim for (as in the game twister), and to challenge reaction speed and stability.
A) Side jumping over row of 4 – 6 toilet rolls
B) Side running over toilet rolls with single leg – land on outside leg at the end
C) Squat Jumps
D) Speedskating with forwards propulsion
E) Plyometric lunges with alternate legs
F) Walking or running mountain climber
G) Plank walk ups – start on elbows and move in a clockwise direction to extended arms, keeping hips stable. Avoid rocking hips and trunk from side to side. Try switching directions after 30 seconds
H) North, south, east and west – start in sports position, have a partner call directions, and shuffle and lunge to touch target
Conclusion
There are many resources online for exercise programing, but athletes need prescriptions specific to their sport. Many undergoing rehab or trying to stay in condition need more than HIIT workouts and body weight activities. The ideas laid out in this plan are a starting point and may stimulate other ideas of equipment to use within the home setting. Athletes need professional guidance in order to stay active and ready for the time when they can safely return to sport.
References
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