In the first of a two-part series, Andrew Hamilton looks at common hip avulsion injuries in athletes, the relationship between injury mechanism and location, and guidelines for avulsion injury diagnosis.
An avulsion injury occurs when large or chronic forces transmitted through muscles, tendons, and connective tissue pull a fragment of bone away at the site of its insertion. The local anatomy and skeletal maturity contribute to the propensity to suffer from avulsion injuries. Younger athletes are at much higher risk of avulsion from muscles that insert
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While practice might make perfect, too much preparation can damage growing bones. Chris Mallac explains how pitching mechanics and skeletal immaturity contribute to little leaguer’s elbow. 2019 South Williamsport, PA, pitcher Egan Prather (24) throws a pitch in the third inning against the Caribbean Region during the Little League World Series. Credit: Evan Habeeb-USA TODAY... MORE
Sesamoid bones are some of the smallest in the body. Yet, they can pose a big problem when injured. Trevor Langford discusses the anatomy, biomechanics, and clinical relevance of a stress fracture of the sesamoid bones and reviews management options. Sports such as running, dancing, and gymnastics often require forceful forefoot dorsiflexion while in a weight-bearing... MORE
Athletes with persistent and undiagnosed shoulder pain may suffer from the rare but painful quadrilateral space syndrome. Chris Mallac unravels this complex diagnosis and offers practical treatment solutions. Quadrilateral Space Syndrome (QSS), first described in 1983, is a rare and unusual shoulder pathology primarily seen in male volleyballers, swimmers, and baseball pitchers(1,2). Athletes with QSS... MORE
Gluteus medius (GMed)weakness gets blamed for all manner of lower extremity injuries. This broad muscle lies under the gluteus maximus, arises from the ilium’s posterior portion and spans from the iliac crest to the sciatic notch, and attaches on the greater trochanter of the femur. The muscle spreads out like a fan and has three... MORE
In the second part of this two-part article, Andrew Hamilton looks at the best imaging modalities for hip avulsion injuries and explores the most up to date injury management guidelines. As discussed in part one of this article, the presentation and location of a hip avulsion injury can vary greatly. This is due to the... MORE
In the first of a two-part series, Chris Mallac explains the functional anatomy of the pectoralis major and its tendon, the situations that place the tendon at risk for injury, and the signs and symptoms of a ruptured tendon. The first reported case of pectoralis major (PM) tendon rupture occured in Paris in 1822. Up... MORE